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Holding The Genome Hostage: Dance Your PhD 2014. In the Bank of the Genome, DNA base pairs (A, T, G, C) go about their daily lives, making withdrawals or deposits (controlling when genes are expressed and not expressed). It’s known that DNA changes can lead to disease, so like detectives surveying the scene of a crime, scientists look for DNA changes that are responsible for disease. Scientists can then work backwards to learn how these DNA changes impact genes to learn more about a disorder.