Low frequency oscillations in narrow vibrated granular systems

Low frequency oscillations in narrow vibrated granular systems - Introduction and background. Granular materials are collections of macroscopic dissipative particles that show remarkable fluid-like behaviour when enough energy is supplied. Phenomena like convection, instabilities or period-doubling are commonly studied as archetypical examples of non-equilibrium quasi-steady states. Researchers have long struggled to find continuum descriptions of such states, with great success for low-density