Hierarchical Prediction Errors in Sensory Learning

Prediction errors (PEs) are crucial teaching signals for learning. Here, we show that different precision-weighted PEs map onto distinct neurotransmitter systems: the dopaminergic midbrain signals precision-weighted PEs about visual stimulus outcomes, while the cholinergic basal forebrain encodes precision-weighted PEs about stimulus probabilities. For more information, see Iglesias et al., Neuron 80(2).